Piezoelectric ceramics are a type of crystal material that undergoes a shape change such as compression or elongation when subjected to mechanical stress. As the shape changes, different charges are generated on both sides of the crystal. Conversely, adding a different voltage across the linear piez

Composite vector hydrophoneIn order to improve the detection performance of passive sonar, research has developed a vector hydrophone that can receive and utilize scalar parameters (sound pressure) and vector parameters (vibration speed) in the sound field, making full use of the information in the

Transducer is an important part of sonar. From the perspective of the history of hydroacoustics, every step of the development of underwater acoustics is inseparable from the development of transducer technology. Since hydroacoustic transducers play a key role in underwater acoustic engineering, man

Piezoelectric transformerPiezoelectric transformers have been developed since the 1950s, but they were not commercialized until the 1990s. The successful application of piezoelectric transformers, on the one hand, the advancement of materials is the use of sub-micron fine PZT piezo ceramic materials

Since the Curie brothers discovered the piezoelectric effect of tourmaline in 1880, the history of piezoelectrics ceramics began from quartz and BaTiO3, ceramics have played an important role in the history of piezoelectrics. However, after the discovery of PZT piezoelectric ceramics, the speed of a