Piezoelectric ceramic is a kind of functional PZT material that can convert mechanical energy and electric energy into each other. Piezoelectric ceramic has the characteristics of piezoelectricity ,dielectricity, elasticity and so on. It has been widely used in medical imaging, acoustic sensor, sound transducer, ultrasonic motor, etc.
Piezoelectric ceramic can be used to convert external force into electrical energy, it can be used for piezoelectric ignition, mobile X-ray power, the shell detonation device;
Piezoelectric ceramic material under the mechanical stress can cause the relative displacement of the positive and negative charge center,which results the opposite ends of the PZT material appear bound charge, it has sensitive properties, the piezoelectric ceramic is mainly used for the ultrasound Transducers, underwater acoustic transducers, electro-acoustic transducers,ultrasonic filters, piezo transformers, frequency discriminators, high voltage generators, infrared detectors, surface acoustic wave devices, electro-optical devices, electric gyro.

The polarized piezoelectric ceramic is a piezoelectric vibrator ,which has a natural vibration frequency determined by its size. The stable oscillation can be obtained by using the frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator and the piezoelectric effect. When voltage frequency is the same as the natural vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator, resonance will occur and the amplitude will increase greatly. By this process, the alternating electric field produces strain through the inverse piezoelectric effect, and the strain produces current through the positive piezoelectric effect, thereby realizing the maximum mutual conversion of the electric energy and the mechanical energy. Using this feature of piezoelectric vibrator, you can create a variety of filters, resonators and other devices. These devices have the advantages of low cost, small size, no- moisture absorption, long life, good stability of frequency and equivalent quality factor.

Piezoelectric transformer that uses the electrical energy of piezoelectric effect and mechanical energy characteristics.which is made up from the input and output of two parts, the direction of polarized electrode is perpendicular each other. input end polarizes along the thickness of the direction, after the application of alternating voltage and longitudinal vibration, due to the inverse piezoelectric effect, the output end will have high-voltage output.

Piezoelectric ceramic transformer is a new solid state electronic device.Compared with the traditional electromagnetic transformer,it has the advantages of simple structure, small size, light weight, large transformer ratio, good stability, no electromagnetic interference and noise, high efficiency, large energy density, safe, non-winding, non-flammable, magnetic flux leakage phenomenon and the advantages of electromagnetic radiation pollution.

The current piezoelectric ceramic transformer is mainly used for power devices such as AC-DC, DC-DC and high voltage devices, such as television sets, electrostatic copiers, negative ion generator as a high-                                                                                                                                                     voltage power supply, liquid crystal display is in the cold cathode fluorescent tubes, neon tubes , Laser                                                                                                                                                       tube and small X-ray tube, high voltage electrostatic spraying, high voltage electrostatic flocking and                                                                                                                                                         radar display tube drive.

Piezoelectric transducers utilize the piezoelectric effect and the inverse piezoelectric effect to realize mutual conversion of electric energy and acoustic energy,piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is one of them, it is a underwater acoustic device that use it for underwater sounding and receiving ultrasonic . The two ends of transducers can sense charge under the action of sound waves, that is the sound wave receiver, If an alternating electric field is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic,sometimes the piezo ceramic will get thin ,sometimes it will get thick, meanwhile,it will produce vibration , sound waves, which is the ultrasonic transmitter.
Piezoelectric transducers are also widely used in the industry,such as navigation, marine detection, precision measurement, ultrasonic cleaning, solid flaw detection and medical imaging, ultrasound diagnostics, and treatment of ultrasound diseases and so on. Another application of piezoelectric transducers today is the telemetry and remote control systems, example is piezoelectric ceramic buzzers, piezoelectric ignites, ultrasonic microscopes.

Ultrasonic motor is that uses inverse piezoelectric effect to produce ultrasonic vibration,the micro-deformation of the PZT material amplifies through the resonance.By vibrating and moving parts to  drive.
Compared with the traditional ultrasonic motor,it has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, small size, high power density and low speed performance, large torque, fast response, high control precision , no magnetic field and electric field, no electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic noise characteristics.
ultrasonic motors are widely used in precision instruments, aerospace, automatic control, office automation, micro-mechanical systems, micro-assembly, precisely positioning and other fields due to their own characteristics and performance advantages. Currently, Japan lie in the technology leader in the field and ultrasonic motors are universal to use for camera and auto-focusing camera and formed a series of products in scale.

Medical probe
Doctors will put piezoelectric probe in the human body parts to exam, emitting the ultrasonic wave after be charged with electricity, it reach the human body and produce an echo, and then receive this echo , it is displayed on the screen, the doctor can understand the situation of human body .

Piezoelectric injector
Piezoelectric ceramic is used in diesel fuel injection technology, which has the following characteristics: high-pressure production and injection control are independently carried out, the pressure of injection can be adjusted in a wide range according to engine operating conditions; It can also realize pre-injection, main injection and multiple injection; it can freely change the fuel injection parameters and fuel injection shape ,it can control fuel injection with high degree of freedom, greatly improving the combustion efficiency of diesel engines, reducing emissions and improving engine performance.

Aerospace
piezo ceramics is used for piezoelectric gyroscope, it is the spacecraft flying in space and the rudder of artificial satellite. Relying on the rudder, spacecraft and satellite to ensure its established orientation and route. Small and exquisite piezoelectric gyroscope has high sensitivity, good reliability.

 

This is a device that converts a mechanical force into a spark that ignites the combustible material. It is an electromechanical transducer. Using the piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO) to ignite in 1958,. However, the ignition rate of this material is not high and the noise is high. PZT piezo electric ceramics have been used to make igniters Since 1962. Ignitors are widely used in the daily life, industrial production and military aspects, which is used to ignite gas and various explosives and rocket ignition.

Working process of ignition needs three stages : high-pressure, discharge ignition and ignite combustible gas. High pressure generation ——a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element is as for example, when the mechanical force F is acting on the cylinder, the crystal distortion will occurs, resulting in positive and negative charge of the crystal deviates, resulting in a large accumulation of free charges on the upper and lower surfaces of the cylinder and produce high voltage output. The output voltage is discharge ignition —— the piezoelectric ceramic components are placed in a closed loop, the impact block can bring impact force for piezoelectric ceramic components, withthe lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic material, the step-up ratio increased to 300 - 500times, and gradually promote to use for elevisions, electrostatic copiers, negative ion generator,the resonant                                                                                                                                                               frequency of the piezo ceramic chip to obtain high voltage, the entire piezo ceramic is divided into two                                                                                                                                                       parts.

Pickups and speakers
Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in electroacoustic devices, such as piezoelectric ceramic pickups, speakers, handsets and so on. Telephones are using the  properties of piezoelectric ceramic transducer (convert mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa) to develop. Electroacoustic devices require low mechanical impedance and it can be matched with the sound source or vibration source, dual-diaphragm piezoelectric vibrator can meet these requirements. It is composed of two pieces piezoelectric ceramic to bond, when a piece elongates, the other piece shortened, the overall is doing bending movement.

Accelerometer
Piezoelectric ceramic have a wide range of applications about measurement instruments , for example,we will talk about piezoelectric accelerometer. When the measured object does acceleration movement, placed on top of the mass M is in the middle of the piezoelectric ceramic chip pressure F, due to the piezoelectric effect, the piezo ceramic in the upper and lower  electrode owns voltage output , the voltage is proportional to the stress,and the stress is proportional to the acceleration (that is, the acceleration of the measured object). Therefore, the measured output voltage can be used to obtain
the acceleration of the moving object.
 

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