The sintering temperature of radial mode piezoelectric tubes

At present, low-temperature sintering methods include the auxiliary solvent method, ultra-fine powder method, hot-pressing sintering method. Studies have shown that the use of trace amounts of Fe 2 +, Bi 3 +, and Cu 2 + ions in synthesizing PZT ceramic powders by hydrothermal method can be realized by adding BCW to the synthesized powders. The sintering temperature of radial mode piezoelectric tubes in air was lower by about 250 C than the sintering temperature of powder without sintering aid, and was lower by about 400 C than the sintering temperature (1250 C) of PZT powder prepared by general solid phase method. Li Longtu of Tsinghua University added glass frit in the xBO1. 5 - yBiO1. 5 - zCdO to PZT-based piezo ceramics raw materials to reduce the sintering temperature of ultrasonic ceramic transducer to a greater degree, and its piezoelectricity and dielectric properties were improved. In addition, they also use xPb - yPb-zPb as the matrix and moderate doping of ZnO, Li2CO3, CdO, etc. The PMN - PNN - PZT piezoelectric ceramics were sintered at temperatures below 900 °C. The piezo ceramics also have good piezoelectricity. . After experiments,piezo expansion sensor was found that PM S - PZT ceramics have the best dielectric and piezoelectric properties around medium temperature (about 1 100 C).Εr --- relative permittivity, d33 --- piezoelectric strain constant, kp --- electromechanical coupling factor, Qm --- mechanical quality factor, tan δ --- dielectric loss. These characteristics of piezo discs and cylinders are particularly suitable for high-power devices such as ultrasonic motors, piezoelectric transducers, motor transducers and other electronic devices. Due to its high hardness, brittleness, and difficulty in processing. Therefore, the manufacture of piezoelectric ceramics with complex structures has always been a major problem. The PZT piezoelectric ceramics prepared by gelcasting,piezoelectric disc crystal have solved the problems that need to be solved in the preparation of piezoelectric ceramics. By comparison, different dispersants have a great influence on the electrical properties of the ceramics; compared with common dry pressing moldings. Gel injection molding has a higher and more uniform density. Low-temperature sintering of piezoelectric ceramics also suppresses the diffusion of silver ions into the ceramic during sintering. Piezo ceramics are insulating media and only polarized ceramics have piezoelectricity. However, ceramics cannot be directly polarized like metals and must first be metalized—the top electrode.