Piezoelectric hydrophone principle/working principle: Piezoelectric ceramics are used as the energy-transforming material. The piezoceramic tubes are arranged in two parallels to form a bamboo-shaped structure to improve the sensitivity and anti-interference ability of the hydrophone. The piezoelect

The piezoelectric ceramics vibrates under the action of an external alternating electric field to excite ultrasonic waves. The common vibration modes of piezoelectric ceramics are stretching vibration, bending vibration and shear vibration. The commonly used telescopic vibration modes of piezoelect

Many applications of piezoelectric ceramics in the precise instruments, including testing equipment, shock absorbing equipment and feeding equipment. In the application of these three aspects, various scholars have proposed different application methods. There are similarities and differences, and t

The sintering conditions of piezoelectric ceramics are mainly composed of four aspects: 1 heating rate; 2 highest sintering temperature; 3 holding time; 4 cooling rate and cooling mode. The general principle for the development of reasonable sintering conditions is to burn high-quality porcelain ( t

Sintering is a process in which heat is used to transform a green body into a dense piezoelectric ceramics body having a certain microstructure. They are sintexring theory points and sintering process, consciously perform the sintering process, here briefly introduce the main points of sintering the

(1) The process method of piezoelectric ceramics is to use a ball mill (drum type, planetary type, agitating type and vibrating type ball mill), and add grinding balls (steel balls, agate balls, zirconium balls, etc.) and media (water, alcohol, etc.) to the raw materials. It is mechanical mixing or

(1) Positive piezoelectric effectIf a pressure F is parallel to the direction of polarization which is applied to the ceramic sheet, the ceramic sheet is compressed, the polarization is reduced, and the free charge of piezoelectric ceramics originally absorbed is released, and a discharge phenomenon

Barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics (3BaTiO. Barium titanate is the first piezoelectric ceramic made and widely used, and its electromechanical coupling coefficient is very high. Compared with other piezoelectric ceramics, it has a lower curie point and its electromechanical.The performance is ve

Barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics (3BaTiO. Barium titanate is the first piezoelectric ceramic made and widely used, and its electromechanical coupling coefficient is very high. Compared with other piezoelectric ceramics, it has a lower curie point and its electromechanical.The performance is ve

At first, we tried to measure the DC high-voltage gear of the ordinary pointer type multi-meter. It was found that the voltage of the two electrodes of piezoelectric ceramics can only slightly shake the pointer when the black plastic pressure bar of the ignition element is pressed. The reason for th

Piezoelectric constant d33 of piezoelectric ceramics is a linear response coefficient that reflects the mutual coupling between the mechanical quantity (stress or strain) and the electrical quantity (electrical displacement or electric field). When a compressive stress T3 is applied along the polari

Piezoelectric ceramics is a new type functional ceramic material. It is a kind of ceramic material that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. This feature can be used to make high-precision instruments, which plays a vital role in industrial production. An important topic is an importan

Sonar is a very important naval equipment, and it has received great attention from all countries with the using of underwater weapons such as submarines. Here, we don't discuss a specific equipment, nor do we involve too many mathematical concepts. Instead, we start with a simple physical principle

A silver electrode of piezoelectric ceramics is applied to the upper and lower sides of the left half to be polarized in the thickness direction. When an alternating electric field is applied, the piezo ceramic sheet vibrates, and this portion is the driving portion. The silver electrode is applied