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applications of piezoelectric ceramics used for precision instruments

Views: 3     Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 2018-12-12      Origin: Site

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Many applications of piezoelectric ceramics in the precise instruments, including testing equipment, shock absorbing equipment and feeding equipment. In the application of these three aspects, various scholars have proposed different application methods. There are similarities and differences, and there are also different. The above examples of indiscriminate enumeration are that even if we can't learn from others, we should extract some experience of piezoelectric ceramics in the application of precision systems for future research. In terms of detection, there are two application methods for using a piezoelectric device as a sensor and a measuring device itself. Although the essence is the use of piezoelectric ceramic machine-electrical conversion, the requirements for piezoelectric ceramics are different. The former has requirements for the accuracy of the data to be transmitted, while the latter focuses on the measuring the accuracy of the data itself. In terms of shock absorption, the unified piezoelectric ceramics are used as active damping devices, and the mechanism is also a control-execution system with feedback system as the core. In terms of the feed system, the circuit diagram of piezoceramic actuator device appears as a transmission member and an active member on the instrument. The difference in accuracy between the two is indistinguishable, but the piezoelectric ceramic as the active component is undoubtedly more capable of exhibiting high sensitivity, low heat generation, high frequency response and no noise. But it is undeniable that piezoelectric ceramics still have many defects. For example, the toxic substances in piezo ceramic materials pollute the environment, and the nonlinearity, creep and hysteresis of the piezoelectric ceramic feedback signals are all problems that cannot be ignored in practical applications. In general, although people artificially divide piezoelectric ceramic components into various types such as vibrators, transducers, and sensors, this classification is not clearly reflected in the application. Both the transducer and the vibrator can be used to detect the device, but the way it is used is different. When is designing precise instruments using piezoelectric ceramics, the first thing to focus on is the direction of energy conversion. The positive and negative piezoelectric effect determines the choice of piezoelectric ceramic components. Second, we must pay attention to the requirements of parameters such as accuracy. This will determine the choice of the position of the Pzt piezo ceramic material component.


For the future development of piezoelectric ceramics crystal, it is undoubtedly described in terms of materials and structures. In terms of materials, the current progress has evolved from unit ceramics to multi-component ceramics, and has matured. The traditional piezoelectric ceramics are mainly PZT-based binary ternary ceramics, which have a series of excellent properties. These ceramic materials have made important contributions to the development of modern science and technology in the national economy. However, these PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics contain a large amount of lead. The content of PbO (or Pb3O4) accounts for about 70% of the total mass of the raw materials. These ceramics emit toxic substances during preparation, use and disposal. This is obviously contrary to Requirements for human development and environmental protection. The direct meaning of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (or more generally referred to as environmentally-coordinated piezoelectric ceramics) is lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, the deeper meaning of which means both satisfactory performance and good environmental coordination. Piezoelectric Ceramics requires that the material system itself does not contain substances that may cause damage to the ecological environment. In the process of preparation, use and disposal, there is no substances harmful to the environment are produced, and the preparation process of the piezo electric plates has the characteristics of environmental coordination such as less energy consumption.


Although the timing of the lead-free replacement is still immature, it is difficult to promote the lead-free ceramics technically or economically, but there is no doubt that today, in the increasingly serious environmental problems, lead-free ceramics. It is an important development direction of piezoelectric ceramics in the future. Structurally, two new piezoelectric ceramics composites and nano-piezoelectric materials have emerged. The piezoelectric composite material is a functional composite material having a piezoelectric effect formed by a piezoelectric ceramic phase and a polymer phase in a certain connection manner. Due to the addition of the flexible polymer phase, the density, acoustic impedance and dielectric constant of the piezoelectric composite are reduced, and the superior value and electromechanical coupling coefficient of the composite are improved, overcoming the brittleness and piezoelectricity of the simple piezoelectric ceramic. The high cost of piezoelectric transducer ultrasound is a drawback. The nano-powder is formed into a dense and uniform bulk nano-ceramic by molding and sintering, and the toughness, strength and superplasticity of the material are greatly improved. Overcoming many shortcomings of engineering ceramics, and have an important impact on the mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical and other properties of materials. It is modified by selecting a material composition system and adding nano-sized particles, whiskers, wafer fibers, and the like. High performance and low temperature sintering of nano piezoelectric ceramic materials can be obtained. The quantum confinement effect can be obtained by controlling the growth of nanocrystals. As well as the singularity of performance, piezoelectric ceramics, as a material that can convert machine-electric energy has important characteristics of change and subtleness, and its application on precision instruments will surely go further and further. The direction of its development, as mentioned above, should focus on environmental protection, efficiency and sensitivity. Ferroelectrics improve electromechanical conversion and pyroelectric properties of piezoelectric pyrolysis materials.


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