Material and Working Principle of Ultrasonic Distance Sensor

In the industry, the typical application of ultrasonic waves is non-destructive testing of metals and ultrasonic thickness measurement. In the past, many technologies were hindered by the inability to detect the inside of objects, and the emergence of ultrasonic sensing technology changed this situation. Of course, more ultrasonic sensors are fixedly mounted on different devices to snap the signals. In the future applications, ultrasound will be combined with information technology and new material technologies, and more intelligent and highly sensitive ultrasonic sensors will appear.

Ultrasonic distance sensor technology uses ultrasonic waves to penetrate liquids and solids, especially in the sunlight opaque solids, which can penetrate depths of several tens of meters. When an ultrasonic wave hits an impurity or an interface, it will produce a significant reflection form reflection into an echo, which can produce a doppler effect when it hits a moving object. Therefore, ultrasonic testing is widely used in the industrial, national defense, biomedical and other fields. Ultrasonic distance sensor can be widely used in the level (liquid level) monitoring, robot anti-collision, various ultrasonic proximity switches, and anti-theft alarm and other related fields, which is reliable operation, easy installation, waterproof type, small launch angle and high sensitivity. It is convenient to connect with industrial display instruments, and also provides probes with large launch angles.

The working principle is that people can hear that the sound is generated by the vibration of the object. Its frequency is in the range of 20KHZ-20MHZ, more than 20KHZ is called ultrasonic wave, and less than 20HZ is called infrasound wave. Commonly used ultrasonic frequencies are 10 KHZ-10MHZ. Ultrasonic is a mechanical oscillation in an elastic medium. There are two forms: lateral oscillation (transverse wave) and longitudinal and oscillation (longitudinal wave). In industrial applications, longitudinal oscillations are mainly used. Ultrasonic waves can travel in the gases, liquids, and solids at different propagation speeds. In addition, it also has refraction and reflection phenomena and decays during propagation. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the air at a low frequency, generally tens of KHZ, while frequencies of ultrasonic distance measurement sensor are higher in the solids and liquids. It decays faster in the air and propagates in the liquids and solids with less attenuation and longer propagation. Utilizing the characteristics of ultrasonic waves, it can be made into various ultrasonic sensors, equipped with different circuits, and made into various ultrasonic measuring instruments and devices, and is widely used in the communications, medical appliances and the so on.