Piezoelectric ceramics element are a functional piezo ceramic material that can convert mechanical energy and electrical energy into each other.About piezoelectric effect,in addition to piezoelectricity, piezoelectric ceramics also have dielectric properties and elasticity, and have been widely used in medical imaging, acoustic sensors, acoustic transducers, ultrasonic motors, etc. With the rapid development of modern electronic information technology, the development and exploration of piezoelectric ceramic materials with excellent performance has become a hot issue in various countries. This paper focuses on the development, mechanism, production and application of piezoelectric ceramics, and describes piezoelectric ceramic materials from various aspects.
The history of piezoelectric ceramics start in 1880, the Curie brothers first discovered the piezoelectric effect of tourmaline, and began the history of piezoelectric science in 1881, the Curie brothers experiment verified the inverse piezoelectric effect and gave the same positive and negative piezoelectric constants for quartz. In 1894, Voigt pointed out that piezo crystals of only twenty point groups without symmetry centers are likely to have a piezoelectric effect. Piezo quartz is a representative of piezoelectric crystals, and it has been applied. In the First World War, Curie's Lang Zhiwan first used the piezoelectric effect of quartz to make an underwater ultrasonic detector for detecting submarines, thus uncovering the chapter on the history of piezoelectric applications. BaTiO3 piezo ceramics were discovered in the Second World War, and piezoelectric materials and their applications have made epoch-making progress. In 1946, the institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that a DC high-voltage electric field was applied to the barium titanate ferroelectric piezo ceramics, so that the spontaneous polarization was preferentially oriented along the direction of the electric field, and the residual polarization was maintained after the electric field was removed with the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material piezoceramics born.
Piezoelectric ceramics materials are classified into piezoelectric crystals and piezoceramic tube transducer.Piezoelectric crystals generally refer to piezoelectric single crystals, which refer to crystals grown in the long range order according to the lattice of crystal. This crystal structure has no symmetry center. Such as crystal (quartz crystal), lithium gallate, lithium niobate, titanium niobate and lithium transistor lithium niobate, lithium niobate and so on. Piezoelectric ceramics generally refer to piezoelectric polycrystals. Piezoelectric ceramics are polycrystals obtained by mixing, forming, high-temperature sintering with a raw material of a necessary component, and irregularly collecting fine crystal grains obtained by a solid phase reaction and a sintering process between the powder particles. Piezoelectric ceramics are called piezoelectric ceramics and ferroelectric ceramics.Piezoelectric ceramic are information-functional ceramic materials that can convert mechanical energy and electrical energy into each other. For piezoelectric effect. in addition to piezoelectricity, piezoelectric ceramics have piezoelectric properties. It also has dielectric properties, elasticity and has been widely used in medical imaging, acoustic sensors, acoustic transducers, ultrasonic motors, and the like. PZT material piezoelectric ceramics are made by using the material under the action of mechanical stress, causing the relative displacement of the center of the positive and negative charges to be polarized, resulting in the opposite side of the material with the opposite sign of the trapped charge.piezoelectric effect has sensitive characteristics. In general, piezoelectric ceramics are ceramic materials that generate voltage by external stimulation. Both piezoelectric ceramics and electrostrictive ceramics are dielectrics. The dielectric has two effects under the action of an electric field, namely the inverse piezoelectric effect and the electrostrictive effect. The inverse piezoelectric effect refers to the dielectric.
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The history of piezoelectric ceramics start in 1880, the Curie brothers first discovered the piezoelectric effect of tourmaline, and began the history of piezoelectric science in 1881, the Curie brothers experiment verified the inverse piezoelectric effect and gave the same positive and negative piezoelectric constants for quartz. In 1894, Voigt pointed out that piezo crystals of only twenty point groups without symmetry centers are likely to have a piezoelectric effect. Piezo quartz is a representative of piezoelectric crystals, and it has been applied. In the First World War, Curie's Lang Zhiwan first used the piezoelectric effect of quartz to make an underwater ultrasonic detector for detecting submarines, thus uncovering the chapter on the history of piezoelectric applications. BaTiO3 piezo ceramics were discovered in the Second World War, and piezoelectric materials and their applications have made epoch-making progress. In 1946, the institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that a DC high-voltage electric field was applied to the barium titanate ferroelectric piezo ceramics, so that the spontaneous polarization was preferentially oriented along the direction of the electric field, and the residual polarization was maintained after the electric field was removed with the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material piezoceramics born.
