By using the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic, precise displacement control can be conveniently realized to form a piezoelectric ceramic actuator. In recent years, the research and application of piezoelectric ceramic actuators has developed rapidly, and has formed an import

In the past 20 years,piezoelectric crystal cost has developed rapidly at home and abroad. Due to their advantages of simple production, low cost and good stability, they have been widely used in the fields of electronics, light, heat and acoustics, and have a wide range. Ultrasonic transducers are m