The strength of the piezoelectric effect

The strength of the piezoelectric effect reflects the degree of coupling between the elastic properties of the crystal and the dielectric properties, that is, the degree of coupling between the mechanical and electrical effects is represented by the electromechanical coupling coefficient K. Performance improvement of cylinder piezoelectric transducer are lead-containing piezoelectric ceramics .The piezoelectric performance has temperature stability, and curie temperature of lead zirconate titanate Pb (ZrxTi1-x)O3 piezoelectric ceramics are greatly superior to pzt material piezo ceramic and are more important than ever. The PZT can adjust its electrical properties by changing the composition or changing the external conditions within a wide range, such as ternary systems, quaternary systems, which is to adapt to different needs. PZT-based piezo ceramics generally have a relatively high sintering temperature of high density piezo ceramic,it is 1 200°C to 1 300°C. Lead oxide (PbO) of piezo defect detection has a volatile temperature of about 800°C. Therefore, it is easy to cause the volatilization of PbO in the sintering process, so that the sintering cannot be used in the lead atmosphere, which is resulting in a decrease in the ceramic performance. In addition, with the development of Surface Mount Technology (SM T), multilayer devices of piezoceramic disc crystal such as chip capacitors, inductors, and resistors are favored by the market for their high efficiency, miniaturization, and functional integration.However, the high sintering temperature of the piezoelectric ceramic makes it difficult for the piezo ceramic material and the electrode material is to achieve a co-firing. Due to the low-temperature co-firing, nickel, copper, silver, and other base metals can be used as internal electrodes. If the process can be improved from the aspect of reducing the sintering temperature, piezoceramic disc vibration sensorwill not only have the important technical and economic value in suppressing the volatilization of PbO, ensuring the performance of the material, reducing the environmental pollution, and prolonging the life of the equipment, but also will be used in the primary sintering of pure silver. Multilayer chip piezoelectric ceramic components have been widely used, while it has also saving energy. Therefore, the development of low-temperature cylinders piezo transducer is sintered piezoelectric ceramic materials has become an important research direction for the development of high-performance, high-reliability, low-cost multilayer piezoelectric ceramic composites.