Performance of PZT materials

                                  Performance of PZT materials 

The PZT-4, PZT-5, and PZT-8 is obtained by this method,piezoelectric sensor circuithave their own characteristics, such as Table electro mechanical coupling factor, k33 - longitudinal electromechanical coupling coefficient, kt - thickness telescopic electromechanical coupling coefficient, εT 33 / ε0 ——— relative permittivity, Qm — mechanical quality factor, tan δ — dielectric loss, d33 — Longitudinal piezoelectric strain constant, d31 - Lateral piezoelectric strain constant, Tc - Curie temperature. Each of them is applied to different components. For example, PZT-4 has a high coupling coefficient (kp) and permittivity (ε) and a small dielectric loss (tan δ). These characteristics determine the material's suitability for ultrasonic and hydroacoustic emission transducers . The occurrence of components have other aspects. PZT-5 also has a high coupling coefficient (kp) and permittivity (ε). However, the dielectric loss is relatively large and the quality factor (QM) is small. Therefore, it is suitable for the receiving components of underwater acoustic and ultrasonic transducers, such as NDT and diagnostic transducers and piezo sphere sensor for hydrophones. PZT-8 has a high quality factor (QM) and can therefore be used to make filters. The Nb2O5 modifier was added to the PZT piezoelectric plate crystal to replace the Ti+4 ion by the Nb +5 ion through the cation hole.The experimental results show that Nb2O5 effectively reduces the sintering temperature of PZT (1100 °C to 1 310 °C); the piezoelectric performance of ultrasonic ceramic transducer is best at 1 250 °C, d33 = 385PC /N, kp = 0.62, Qm = 50, resonance frequency is 200 kHz, piezoelectric vibration sensoris suitable for piezoelectric atomizers, ultrasonic cleaning transducers. Based on PZT, people have developed PZT-based ternary, quaternary and other multi-element piezoelectric ceramics. The properties of piezo ceramics can be adjusted in a wider range to obtain excellent piezoelectric ceramic system, high power piezoceramic sphere is to meet the needs of different areas of piezoelectric devices. Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in the electric field driven electromechanical devices to generate resonances. However, experiments have shown that low power resonance and the performance of piezoelectric ceramics remains unchanged even after long-time vibration. However, under high-power driving, the stability of the piezo ceramics is reduced and other properties are also degraded. After experimental studies,piezoelectric transducer hemispherical was found that the reason for this phenomenon is that the temperature on the surface of the piezo ceramic rises significantly when it oscillates at high frequency. As a result, the normal process of re-aging of the ceramic is destroyed, resulting in degraded performance. This makes the research and development of high-power piezoelectric materials imperative.