Low temperature sintering methods

At present, the low temperature sintering methods of piezoelectric transducer datasheet are sol-gl, hot pressing, ultra-fine powder preparation and flux method. the purpose is to reduce the sintering temperature of piezo energy harvesting. The experimental results show that the best piezoelectric properties are synthesized at low temperature of 950 ℃. For example, the optimum values of d33, k33, kp and tanδare 565pc / N, when the mass fraction of Li2O is 0.1% 7%, 0. 022. With xPb, zPb as the matrix and doped ZnO, Li2CO3, CdO, etc., the prepared PMN-PNN-PZT piezoelectric ceramic is sintered at 900 ℃, piezo ceramic generators still has good piezoelectricity. Performance improvement is using doping fluxes which is the most fundamental improvement, such as coprecipitation, salt dissolution, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method and so on. However, the disadvantages of these methods are PbO .which is easily volatilized, causing the second phase, and the production process of piezo tubes crystalis difficult. In order to overcome these deficiencies, some methods have been proposed: calcination method, adding perovskite additives. The PMN and PFN piezoelectric ceramics with high density, high piezoelectric property and low dielectric loss were successfully prepared at low temperature 800 ℃ and 830 ℃ by the two-step sintering method. This electronic piezoelectric tubes not only reduces the lead oxide volatilization ,but also does not cause the second phase, but also saves energy. CHU in his article, in particular, the traditional method of low-temperature sintering were evaluated, proposing perovskite low-temperature sintering additives, and verified by experiments.The experimental method is as follows: PNFePN-based piezoelectric cylinder transducer were synthesized by adding BiFeO3 and Ba at 0.25 Pb -0.75 Pb at 850 ℃ and 950 ℃. Compared with the traditional piezoelectric ceramic, PNN-PZT-A based ceramic sintering temperature is reduced by 300 ~ 350 ℃, and has good dielectric properties. Low temperature sintering also plays a crucial role for multilayer piezoelectric ceramics.