The propagation path of the ultrasonic waves is called a channel. The additive noise of the channel is mainly determined by the undulating noise, ultrasonic transducers sensor in turn can be regarded as Gaussian white noise. Since additive noise is considered to only affect the reception of the sign

Ray characteristics of ultrasonic waves are formed in a straight line when they encounter two substances with different acoustic impedance ratios.At the interface, reflection and refraction transmission occurs. The reflection and refraction of ultrasonic waves follow the laws of geometric optics. Th